Test Questions

Chapter 18. Iran: From Secularism to Islamic Revolution

18.1 How have the political power and role of the ‘ulama’ in Iran developed since the beginning of the nineteenth century?

18.2 What roles have Shi‘i ideas and symbols played in Iranian political history since the beginning of the nineteenth century?

18.3 Compare the role of Reza Shah Pahlavi in relation to Islam in Iran with that of Atatürk in Turkey.

18.4 What were the ideologies, “lay” and ‘ulama’, that contributed to the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979?

18.5 Compare the role of Islam in the Constitutional Revolution of 1906, the Mossadegh period of 1951–1953 and the Islamic Revolution of 1979.